Hi, it’s me. An actual scientist. Did grad school in planetary science. The same techniques we use to spot asteroids are the techniques used to spot satellites. But removing them is even simpler. It’s not algorithmically hard at all.
In fact, it’s so simple that I’ll write it out: take several images (at least three) in quick succession and take the median value across those images.
Oh hey, that was easy. Makes a good despeckle filter too for cosmic ray strikes or whatever else.